Five officers were detained in Georgia earlier this week on suspicions of spying - an act described by Moscow as a provocation. One of the officers was later released, while the other four have been officially charged with espionage and remain in custody.
Russia has responded by recalling its ambassador and other senior diplomats.
Konstantin Kosachev, head of the International Relations Committee in parliament's lower house, said the arrest was intended as a provocation and that Russia should not overreact.
"A military solution must be ruled out," he said.
Kosachev described the charges brought against the Russian officers as "fictitious and politicized." He said the Georgian leadership staged "a political show of some sort" to divert public attention from domestic problems and its own inefficiency.
The lawmaker also said parliament's lower chamber was likely to come out with a special statement on Russian-Georgian relations shortly, and that Moscow should conduct its own inquiry into the case.
